Lubrication and Refrigeration in aeroplanes (Spanish) essays

Lubrication and Refrigeration in aeroplanes (Spanish) essays Lubricacin y refrigeracin Es la operacin de engrase continuo entre las piezas en contacto y con movimientos relativos, que evita el calentamiento y disminuye el desgaste de las piezas. El engrase depende de la cantidad de aceite suministrado, de la fijacin y mantenimiento de la pelà ­cula de aceite entre las superficies en frotamiento, de la evacuacin del aceite y de la evacuacin del calor. Cuando el gasto o caudal de aceite que circula entre las piezas del motor es pequen de la temperatura puede ser tan grande que llegue a hacerse peligroso por ser insuficiente para la evacuacin del calor. Para evitar que la temperatura del aceite alcance valores por encima de los là ­mites permisibles normalmente 120C, lo que significarà ­a una prdida de las cualidades de lubricacin, se dispone de refrigeracin del aceite, por medio de la instalacin de radiadores con un medio refrigerante que en el caso del avin es normalmente el aire que pasa a travs de dicho radiador. En los motores de aviacin la cantidad de calor evacuado por el aceite varà ­a entre 0.3 y 1 calorà ­a por minuto siendo normalmente la diferencia de temperatura de salida y entrada de aceite en el motor entre 10C y 30C. La T ª de entrada en el motor es aprx. 70C y la de salida es de 100C. El sistema de aceite para lubricacin de un motor puede considerarse dividido en dos partes fundamentales: la parte interior al motor llamada zona de lubricacin principal y segundo la parte exterior o circuito auxiliar para almacenamiento central de temperatura y recuperacin de aceite. En los motores de aviacin la presin de aceite a la entrada del motor est regulada normalmente a cinco kg/cm2, y el caudal de aceite proporcionado es aprx. de 0.02 a 0.1 l...

The Case of the Missing Italics

The Case of the Missing Italics In a column by Boston Globe journalist Ellen Goodman, this odd-looking sentence caught my eye: Lets go back to a McCain op-ed that did run in The New York Times before the invasion. Funny, but Id seen this sort of thing before- in a George Will column (from May 2007) that appeared in the online edition of The New York Post: This citys taxi cartel is offering an audacious new rationalization for corporate welfare, asserting a right a (BEG ITAL)constitutional(END ITAL) right, (BEG ITAL)in perpetuity(END ITAL) to revenues it would have received if Minneapolis City Council had not ended the cartel that never should have existed. Obviously, the parenthetical remarks are computer-speak for begin and end italics- a message that in these two cases had been improperly coded, transmitted, or received. Not an especially newsworthy matter, perhaps, but the question arises: why do newspapers still experience such problems with italics? An answer, of sorts, can be found in The Associated Press Stylebook, the (American) journalists bible: Italic type face cannot be sent through AP computers. Turning for amplification to Ask the Editor at APStylebook.com, we find a number of inquiries pertaining to italicsall of them answered patiently by David Minthorn in more or less the same way: Is it correct to italicize car names, for example, would Prius in Toyota Prius be in italics? - from Pasadena, California on Wed, Jul 30, 2008Italics arent used for car names or anything else in AP news stories. Dont be confused by italicized examples in the AP Stylebook.What is the rule for the title of academic journals? Should they be italicized or put in quotation marks? - from Little Rock, AR on Wed, Jul 09, 2008AP uses straight type for titles of academic and other journals, no quotation marks or italics, principal words capitalized.Us Magazine (entire thing ital) or Us magazine (no ital on magazine)? - on Tue, Jun 03, 2008 Us Weekly . . . AP doesnt use italics in news stories.What is the correct style for the New England Journal of Medicine? Italics or quotation marks? Thanks in advance. - from Washington DC on Tue, May 06, 2008No quotes or italics for titles of publications, so its correct as written.Boat/Ship names should be italicized, but in the instance of USS Arizona, wo uld USS also be italicized? - on Tue, Apr 22, 2008The AP Stylebook would only use USS Arizona in italics as an example, to differentiate from a definition. In AP news stories, italics arent used because the typeface doesnt transmit through all computers. Were left to wonder which model of Kaypro computer the AP still relies on. Most style guides (those without AP in the name) advocate the use of italics for emphasis and with titles of complete works- books, plays, movies, magazines, CDs, television series, and works of art. But then, if you subscribe to The AP Stylebook, theres really nothing left to learn about italics. More About Online Resources for Writers: Top Three Grammar and Usage Advice SitesTop 10 Blogs for Writers, Editors, Teachers of WritingTop Five Business Writing Sites

2014 FOMC Meetings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

2014 FOMC Meetings - Essay Example After discussion and questions from the Bank presidents, the report is then ratified. The next stage is board’s staff representation where the board’s director gives a forecast; it is discussed and the bank presidents raise questions where necessary. Bank presidents then provide an overview of the economic conditions in their areas followed by the governors giving their national outlook. Agenda number two is about the monetary policy and domestic policy directives. Board Director of Monetary Affairs Division outlines different scenarios of the monetary policy, participants’ discuss them and then the chairperson summarizes and proposes any wordings to be made in the policy statements. Next, the participants have their lunch as they present the latest developments in Congress on the banking legislations of importance to the Federal Reserve. At exactly 2.15 p.m., an announcement is made regarding any change in the discount and federal funds rates. The announcement is made as a promotion to openness in banking. When FOMC meeting ends, the Chair of Fe deral Reserve gives a press statement to give out the decisions made. The January press statement shows some improvement in economic activities as well as improved labor markets. Unemployment rates have reduced, and there is an increasing household spending trend. Business investments have also improved which is believed to have stimulated the improved economic activities. The existing fiscal policy is seen to be pulling down economic activities, but it is losing its strength with time. With reduced unemployment rates, the committee sees a risk of inflation though it will be maintained at the committee’s objective of 2%. In the statement, the committee confirms that the target rate for the funds will remain to be 0 to 1/4 percent if the unemployment rate will stay 6-1/2 percent. However, the inflation rate is expected to be above the committee’s objective

Definition of honor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Definition of honor - Essay Example Concept Honor is a gesture or an attitude that others display for an individual for all the deeds and accomplishments that is earned or procured for the endeavor that is beyond the scope of a common man. It is an immense pride that any group of individuals or any nation exhibits towards the undertakings performed. Honor is an encouragement for others, an ethos and own confrontation clinched by any nation to recommend for all the actions that has made the result in its favor, may it be war where the bravery has turned the consequences in favor of the nation. May it be any sports accomplishment or any research that has brought glory to the nation in front of the entire world. A statement of belief or faith that a parents who worth the conception of reputation and examination would be lawfully conceited to comprise, a son or daughter entrust to (A Concept of Honor). Honor is also institutional that is regulated by the rules that one has to abide by. This Code of Honor should never be vi olated. The Code is equally applicable to all the laws and orders that any nation prescribes. Infringement of these laws is considered as a misconduct, such behavior brings defame or dishonor to any nation or an organization. These acts could be criminal or scandals that is against the set rules and regulations. Violations of laws are accountable to punishment, retributions or expulsions (A Concept of Honor). Thus, honor also encompasses an enormous pact of tasks. These responsibilities are being taught, guided and evaluated over the time as the providence of any organization or a country relies upon set guidelines. To receive and act dependably as well as sensibly is a great deal of responsibility. These principled as well as forfeited actions bring nobility to the institution. To procure graciousness and dignity for any nation it becomes imperative for every individual to work conscientiously and meticulously within the frames and parameters of the nation's rules and regulations. It is obvious that if any individual does wrong then it directly affects that pride of the organization (A Concept of Honor). It could be understood that by means of cultural unfairness or discriminations or by sustaining dual standards, conceit of the nation is influenced. It is imperative that for the sake of honor of any organization such strokes should be evaded. There could be a variety of condone to keep the spirits of the employees at a high pace and to let them enjoy the freedom of work. This not only promotes confidence and support in favor of the nation or the organization but also brings rewards and honor for the institution (A Concept of Honor). Rewards and honor could not be forced but they are self- generated by means of actions and the feeling of belongingness that an individual possess for the nation. Unless, this feeling of belongingness is generated from within, honor of any form can never be procured. This feeling is essential for the safety of nation and to eradi cate terrorism from its roots. It is observed that in some of the developing as well as developed nations women are highly ill-treated and there is little wages for their hardships. This could not bring any honor to the nation. It is therefore essential that both men and women work in co-ordination and respect for each other to bring pride, appreciation, magnificence and glory to the nation (Honor). Conclusion In social perspectives it is

Unanswered Prayers Essay Example for Free

Unanswered Prayers Essay Some people claim that when they pray, they can feel God’s presence, and that he is listening. These people are usually Christians. However, other people say that when they pray in church and at home, they cannot feel God’s presence. This can sometimes make them feel like they are doing something wrong, such as they are not praying correctly, or just that God simply does not exist, so there is no God to listen to the prayers. This may lead them to ask for advice from people who are strong and faithful Christians, and try harder when they are praying. However, if they still don’t feel the presence of God when praying, they may begin to question the actual existence of God. This can sometimes lead to agnosticism or atheism. Another reason that may lead people to believe that there is no God; are unanswered prayers. Christians believe that God answers their prayers, and loves and cares for everyone. In church, they may be given examples of answered prayers. For example; many Catholic Christians believe that St Jude is the patron saint for those who have no other hope of help. However, when some people pray, their prayers are not answered and they may begin the wonder about a God who answers some people’s prayers, but not others. For example; a young missionary couple asked the members of their church to pray that they would have a safe journey to their new posting in Nepal. However, the plane crashed killing them and their three young children. Examples like this may make people ask why God answers only some peoples prayers, and not everyone’s prayers. They may come to the conclusion that God is in fact bad, and does not care for everyone on Earth. It might make them believe that God just can’t answer everyone’s prayers, as some prayers are selfish, and answering them would come with great consequences. However, it might trigger them to come to the conclusion that God just simply does not exist. They might believe that, if someone prays for their child to be cured of cancer, then surely it would be a good enough cause for their prayer to be answered. If the child still dies, the child’s parents might believe that God does not exist, because the God they were told of would not let a small child die. This leads to atheism, as they will eventually come to the conclusion, that if prayers are unanswered regularly, then there must be no God.

Herbert Marcuse’s An Essay on Liberation -- Essay Liberation Marcuse

Herbert Marcuse’s An Essay on Liberation We know that the economic evolution of the contemporary world refutes a certain number of the postulates of Marx. If the revolution is to occur at the end of two parallel movements, the unlimited shrinking of capital and the unlimited expansion of the proletariat, it will not occur or ought not to have occurred. Capital and proletariat have both been equally unfaithful to Marx. - Albert Camus, 1953 The validity of Marxist political theory has been seriously challenged by the realities of European civilization, both during the inter-war years and especially after WWII. The threat has been two-fold; on the one hand, was the refusal of capitalism to fail, a failure that Marxists had been predicting as immanent ever since the mid-twentieth century; on the other, was the failure of the Soviet Union to build a successful or humane society. Marxists living in the West, beyond the reach of Soviet suppression, have attempted to develop a comprehensive theory more in tune with the complexities of contemporary society than Classical Marxism. Most prominent among these â€Å"Western Marxists† is a group known as the Frankfurt School. An eclectic group of bright intellectuals who fled Germany in the 1930s, they have sought to develop a â€Å"critical theory† that blends Freud and Weber (among others) with Marx. Herbert Marcuse’s An Essay on Liberation is an example of how they have attempted to keep their social and revolutionary theories relevant and vital. It deals with an increasingly complex society in an increasingly sophisticated manner. This effort creates an interesting historical tension within Marcuse’s work because the complexity of his analysis makes it impossible to adhere t... ...an potential to achieve a balance between the spiritual (world of the mind) and the material (the objective world). Marcuse mentions Kant, but this section of his work borrows most heavily from Friedrich Schiller’s The Aesthetic Education of Man. Bibliography All quotations and references are from Herbert Marcuse, An Essay on Liberation. Boston: Beacon, 1969. Although no secondary works were used to prepare this paper, the following books provided the necessary background for my interpretation. Freud, Sigmund. Civilization and Its Discontents, trans. James Strachey. New York: Norton, 1961. Schiller, Friedrich. The Aesthetic Education of Man. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1967. Tucker, Robert, ed. The Marx Engels Reader, 2nd ed. New York: Norton, 1978. Weber, Max. Essays in Sociology, eds. Gerth and Mills. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1946. Herbert Marcuse’s An Essay on Liberation -- Essay Liberation Marcuse Herbert Marcuse’s An Essay on Liberation We know that the economic evolution of the contemporary world refutes a certain number of the postulates of Marx. If the revolution is to occur at the end of two parallel movements, the unlimited shrinking of capital and the unlimited expansion of the proletariat, it will not occur or ought not to have occurred. Capital and proletariat have both been equally unfaithful to Marx. - Albert Camus, 1953 The validity of Marxist political theory has been seriously challenged by the realities of European civilization, both during the inter-war years and especially after WWII. The threat has been two-fold; on the one hand, was the refusal of capitalism to fail, a failure that Marxists had been predicting as immanent ever since the mid-twentieth century; on the other, was the failure of the Soviet Union to build a successful or humane society. Marxists living in the West, beyond the reach of Soviet suppression, have attempted to develop a comprehensive theory more in tune with the complexities of contemporary society than Classical Marxism. Most prominent among these â€Å"Western Marxists† is a group known as the Frankfurt School. An eclectic group of bright intellectuals who fled Germany in the 1930s, they have sought to develop a â€Å"critical theory† that blends Freud and Weber (among others) with Marx. Herbert Marcuse’s An Essay on Liberation is an example of how they have attempted to keep their social and revolutionary theories relevant and vital. It deals with an increasingly complex society in an increasingly sophisticated manner. This effort creates an interesting historical tension within Marcuse’s work because the complexity of his analysis makes it impossible to adhere t... ...an potential to achieve a balance between the spiritual (world of the mind) and the material (the objective world). Marcuse mentions Kant, but this section of his work borrows most heavily from Friedrich Schiller’s The Aesthetic Education of Man. Bibliography All quotations and references are from Herbert Marcuse, An Essay on Liberation. Boston: Beacon, 1969. Although no secondary works were used to prepare this paper, the following books provided the necessary background for my interpretation. Freud, Sigmund. Civilization and Its Discontents, trans. James Strachey. New York: Norton, 1961. Schiller, Friedrich. The Aesthetic Education of Man. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1967. Tucker, Robert, ed. The Marx Engels Reader, 2nd ed. New York: Norton, 1978. Weber, Max. Essays in Sociology, eds. Gerth and Mills. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1946.

Outsourcing Essay

†¢ Question 1: Is the accounting policy proposed by OSI to defer costs associated with the origination of the agreement an appropriate policy? What advice would you give OSI regarding its policy election? Accounting policy proposed by OSI to defer costs is an appropriate policy. Cost should be deferred if they create or add value to an asset. In FASB Concept Statement No. 6, Par 25 states asset as â€Å"probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by a particular entity as a result of past transactions or events.† In the case of Outsourcing, management believes all up-front cost incurred are a necessary investment and will generate substantial profits through call revenue, therefore we could say the costs associated with the contract are part of revenue generating arrangement. This arrangement could be consider as an asset because revenue (Set-up and Call revenue) provides a future economic benefit, and this arrangement is controlled by Outsourcing Services, Inc. †¢ Question 2: If the accounting policy to defer costs is appropriate, what costs, if any, would be eligible? Any cost directly relate to the revenue arrangement are considered eligible for deferral. SAB Topic 13Af provide descriptions of cost that are eligible for deferral. Eligible cost are in the case of Outsourcing are: a) $1,500,000 Direct costs to a third party to configure OSI – The direct cost is incremental direct cost incurred with third parties. (FAS-91 or ASC 605-20-25-4) b) $250,000 Sales Commission – allow deferring the cost under FTB 90-1 because it is associated with the contract. c) $50,000 corporate cost – corporate personnel dedicated to contract negotiation is direct loan origination costs, these cost are eligible for deferral under FASB Statement No. 91 or ASC 310-20-25-2. †¢ Question 3: If there are costs for which deferral is appropriate, what is the appropriate period over which to defer these costs Utilizing matching principle: recognize deferred cost at the same time as related revenue is recognized. In the case of Outsourcing, they will recognize revenue over the estimated customer life, therefore the costs listed in question 2 are deferred and expensed over the period of 4.3 years. Both SAB Topic 13Af, question 4 and SC 605-20-25-4 state â€Å"acquisition of that contract (incremental direct acquisition costs) shall be deferred and charged to expense in proportion to the revenue recognized†.

Indian Horse Essay

â€Å"Adversity is like a strong wind. It tears away from us all but the things that cannot be torn, so that we see ourselves as we really are.† Adversity implies difficulties, trouble and misfortune as it tests the potential of man and strengthens his spirit of self confidence. In the novel Indian Horse written by Richard Wagamese there are many circumstances where the main character Saul is forced to overcome the adversity in which once shattered his human spirit and made him feel worthless. The ideas of adversity such as being beaten at residential schools and the racism he faced while playing hockey, demonstrates Saul’s constant inner struggle and his desire to become a more powerful individual. Throughout the novel Saul is exposed to many painful experiences that leave him little to no identity and an unimaginable outlook on life. We quickly learn that when Saul was a child, he was taken away from his family and forced into an Indian Residential School where he wit nessed and experienced abuses at the hands of the school’s educators. â€Å"They called it a school but it was never that†¦.There were no tests or examinations. The only test was our ability to survive.†(Pg.79) The emotions present in the quote represent the pain and agony he endured when being forcibly taught the ways of the white people. The school he is referring to is St. Jerome’s Indian Residential School; which many described as â€Å"Hell on earth†. Saul is rapidly thrown into a world of extreme emotional and physical abuse brought on by the hands of the nuns and priests that are assimilating the children. â€Å"They took me to St. Jerome’s Indian Residential School. I read once that there are holes in the universe that swallow all light, all bodies. St. Jerome’s took all the light from my world. Everything I knew vanished behind me with an audible swish, like the sound a moose makes disappearing into spruce.†(Pg.43) The vivid detail of this quote alone gives more clarity to the impact Residential Schools had on people and shows the injustice suffered by the First Nations People. The many beatings, suicides and sexual molestations shattered many children’s human spirit and created a sense of life that wasn’t worth living. â€Å"When your innocence is stripped from you, when your people are denigrated, when the family you came from is denounced and your tribal ways and rituals are pronounced backward,  primitive, savage, you come to see yourself as less than human. That is hell on earth, that sense of unworthiness. That’s what they inflicted on us.†(Pg.81) The quote represents how they were stripped from everything they had ever know, such as their language, rituals, traditions and even choice of food. Over a short period of time, the beatings and threats belittled the children and instilled them with continuous fear. When taken all together, the horror of attending this Residential School stripped not only Saul’s, but all the children’s innocence, traditions and identity. Aside from the horrible experiences while attending the Residential School, Saul was forced to overcome many adversities while engaging in his passion for hockey. In the beginning Saul discovers that his love for hockey serves as a mean of escape. â€Å"I kept my discoveries to myself and I always made sure that I left the surface of the rink pristine. For the rest of the day, I’d walk through the dim hallways of school warmed by my secret. I no longer felt hopeless, chill air around me because I had Father Leboutilier, the ice, the mornings and the promise of a game that I would soon be old enough to play.(66) Throughout the quote it demonstrates how hockey gives him a sense of hope . It is through hockey that Saul can escape from his reality and fin what was stolen from him: friendships, family and a sense of self. Although as Saul’s future seems to point towards contending for a position within the National Hockey League, the constant racism and shunning from  "the white man’s game† crumbles his faith in the one thing that gave him life outside of the Residential School. â€Å"But there were moment when you’d catch another boy’s eye and know that you were both thinking about it. Everything was contained in that glance. All the hurt. All the shame. All the rage. The white people thought it was their game. They thought it was their world.†(136) This quote reveals how Saul’s passion for hockey is crushed by ‘the white people’ who feel that Indians can’t play hockey. What once was his salvation proves to be just another thing that belongs to the white man. They feel as if the game of hockey only belongs to the white people and should only be played by people of the same race. The many setbacks Saul had faced from fans diminishing his ability to play hockey, and the harsh verbal abuse constantly bellowed at him because of his skin color, quickly weakened his human spirit and built up enough anger that he could hardly contain. â€Å"During one game the fans broke into a ridiculous war chant whenever I stepped onto  the ice†¦.When I scored, the ice was littered with plastic Indian dolls..† This quote is referring to wh en Saul joined an all white man team and how he was most hated for breaking their tradition of â€Å"the white man’s games†. Overall, Saul’s love for hockey that once allowed him to gain freedom and escape was now stolen from him due to his distasteful fans and the theory of â€Å"the white man’s game†. Through the beatings within the Residential School and the racism he faced while playing hockey, we are able to see how Saul was affected both internally and externally. With every sentence and every chapter you become familiar with the incredible will of a boy who has had to endure more than anyone should in a lifetime. At such an early age, Saul was forced to face various types of adversity and his worst fears which created long lasting effects on his life. The author conveys that staying true to your roots is what will get you through life’s obstacles despite temptations which may veer you from finding your true self. This novel illustrates that hockey is not merely a sport, but has the capacity to bind us together. No matter what colour your skin or where you come from, itâ⠂¬â„¢s the love of the game that shows us that we really are not that different after all.

buy custom NCAA Problems and Suggested Solutions essay

buy custom NCAA Problems and Suggested Solutions essay The NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association) has been plagued by a myriad of problems and challenges, from its inception in 1906 to the outfit it is today. This research paper seeks to understand the past problems and how the society viewed them, including the measures that were put in place to fix those early problems. It will also strive to offer practical problem solving approaches that we, as the society could implement on the system so that it can achieve even greater success. The paper will discuss the chronology of problematic past events and how they were solved. It will also offer suggestions on how the NCAA can be improved so as to offer better and more comprehensive services to the sportsmen and their respective institutions. In the early 1900s, college football was a rowdy and risky affair that left many players and some fans either dead or maimed for life (Dunnavant 54).The risky nature of early football was the catalyst that necessitated the formation of a body, tasked with ensuring that the football games got some semblance of safety. In 1905, Theodore Roosevelt, who was the current American president, convened two meetings at the white house, which were attended by college athletics officials, to lobby for reforms in the college football. The most notable person, in the formation of NCAA was Henry M. MacCracken the Chancellor of the New York University who successfully called a meeting with 13 institutions to initiate reforms concerning the rules in the football playing in 1905.The subsequent meeting, held on December 28, and attended by 62 universities and colleges gave birth to the Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States (IAAUS). Officially constituted on the 13th of March 1906, t he IAAUS changed its name to the current NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association) in 1910. The NCAA was just a regulatory body in college football, because its core function was to formulate rules and offer a forum for discussing football issues. Its first major break came in 1921 when it organized and hosted the first NCAA national championships under the title The National Collegiate Track and Field Championships. In 1939, the NCAA hosted its first national intercollegiate basketball championship, which was a huge success. The college athletics grew rapidly with the introduction of several championships, effectively leading to the expansion of the national athletics programs in the 70s.This unprecedented divergence of the athletics games prompted the need to restructure the programs offered so as to accommodate the varying and changing levels of the sports.The membership of the association was divided into three competitive and legislative divisions in 1973; I, II and III. In 1978 Division I members were for the creation of subdivisions I-A and I-AA. The two subdivisions were given names the Football Bowl Subdivision and the Football Championship Subdivion, respectively in 2007. It was not until 1980, when Divisions II and III set up 10 championships, where the womens athletics were incorporated. Since its inception and operationalization, the NCAA has been plagued by a myriad of problems and challenges. During the infancy stage of the association, its greatest challenge was on the enforcement of its rules and regulations. According to Smith ( 8-11), the early constitution clearly stated that athletics activities shall be maintained on an ethical plane in keeping with the dignity and high purpose of education. The expectation was that, a high standard of personal honor, eligibility and fair play would be the guiding principles that would oversee the smooth running of the athletics games. However, the association was handicapped on the issue of enforcing the rules, a predicament that could be attributed to a lack of support for the idea of a central enforcement authority by the original Executive Committee. In essence it was just a toothless dog that could only bark but couldnt bite. The basic and primary enforcement factor for the association was basically trust, which was pr one to be abused and misused by the members. The lack of law enforcement powers was a major thorn in the flesh of the Association and it took many decades for the Association to grow some teeth to bite. The 1940s saw many serious and blatant violations, espeially in relation to the Associations core value of the principle of amateurism. This prompted the NCAA Delegates Committee to grant the Executive Committee more investigative and interpretative powers, with the primary intention of protecting amateurism (Dunnavant 59). A conference of conferences was subsequently held in Chicago in 1946, to lobby the members to discuss the growing concerns connected to the violations of the amateurism principle .The first major breakthrough was achieved in 1948 with the adoption of the sanity code in respect to the members following the laid down rules and regulations. Dubbed as the return to sanity, the convention imposed strict regulations on matters concerning outside financial aid, academic standards, mode of recruiting the players, ins titutional control and most importantly, amateurism (Dunnavant 64). For the first time, the Association had teeth to bite because it declared that the violators of the sanity code would be barred from the NCAA. To exert their authority and show their seriousness, the NCAA found seven institutions to have violated the sanity code in 1950, but luckily for the institutions, a lack of a voting majority by the delegates saved them from exclusion from the NCAA. However, one year later the sanity code was repealed due to its severe penalties for violations and the limits that had been set regarding financial aid. The sanity code was replaced by a new code that established membership committee, mandated with the role of probing complains about violations and an investigative subcommittee. The conclusions of the subcommittee would then be forwarded to the NCAA council for any punitive action like suspension, probation or expulsion. The sanity code made a revolution in the American college sports world by bringing sanity and a systematic code of ethics in the college sporting sector (Falla 12-27). Under the chairmanship of Walter Byers (The first executive director of NCAA) a formal action, based on the findings of the subcommittee was taken against 10 basketball players from the University of Kentucky who were accused of receiving impermissible financial aid. The players were thereafter suspended for one year from the league games, a penalty that they accepted thereby giving credence to the NCAA on its ability to enforce its rules. A national certification plan was adopted in 1954, which required an institutions president to certify in writing that his institution would comply with the rules and regulations of the association. The show clause (which is in effect even today) was adopted in 1956 requiring institutions to show why its members should not be suspended after violating the rules. Several amendments we re made in subsequent years, most notably being the appointment of a Special Enforcement and Reorganization Committee tasked with the role of recommending changes in the enforcement process. A 1987 ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court dealt a big blow to the NCAA on its ability to enforce its rules and regulations equally in all the states. The ruling (commonly referred to as the Nevada law) filed by the University of Nevada required the NCAA to use defined measures in its investigations. Other states soon followed the suit seriously undermining the authority of the association. Their effort to have the law reversed was rejected by the Supreme Court when it declined to review the case (Falla 63). The society can play a crucial role in the sustenance of a good conduct by exhibiting trust where the rules and regulations are concerned. The NCAA should not be seen as a policing unit that watches over the offenders and the violators of the set rules. The perception of the society towards the association should be that of a partner who formulates rules to maintain sanity and equality in the athletics sports. Since its inception in 1906, the NCAA most important and core value was that of trust. It was expected that the players and their respective institutions would stick to the rules and regulations based on pure trust of each other, rather than following the rules based on fear of repercussions. In the original constitution drafted in 1906, the first delegates expressed their desire in the set rules and regulations in which the athletics games were expected to reflect dignity and high purpose of education (Dunnavant 77).The role of the association has substantially evolved to cove r wider administrative boundaries, education and outreach pprogrammes, rules formulation and enforcement among other roles. It has emerged as the body that is tasked with ensuring that the sports sector in the colleges is streamlined and gives the games a sense of purpose. One suggestion of improvement that the association should consider is the inclusion of the public sector in the administration of the sporting events. They should formulate a provision whereby the members of the general public are given a chance to express their opinions on the competitions and input the suggestions and advice. This is because the public has a wealth of information and experience, based on the fact that most of them, if not all of them, were once college students and they have something to say. The television networks also should be given rights to air the games live because this will give a chance for those who cannot attend the games to be a part of the games. With the advancement in technology the games can even be aired live throughout the world, it will only not popularize the events but will also advertise the upcoming new players of great and promising talent (Dunnavant 77). Another major way to improve the sporting world would be to look for ways of extending the jurisdiction of the association from the American boundaries, to the whole world. Throughout the world, sports have been an integral part of every day life, especially in learning institutions. Many great athletes and players start nurturing their raw talent in education institutions, starting at the elementary level. When they reach college level the talent is polished up, and most of the great players can then decide whether to take the sport as a career or just as a form of relaxation and enjoyment. In this respect, the NCAA should yearn to include other countries in their games to collaborate with the other sporting authorities of the different nations. The outcome of this should be global championship, which would allow the American college students to compete with some of the best athletes from all over the world. They should collaborate with other regional, national and international spo rting associations to improve on the sporting events. The Association should also relax some of their most stringent rules so as to cut slack to the institutions and the player alike. For example, in the sanity code, the limit set for financial aid should be relaxed, so as to give the corporate world a chance to support, through sponsorship programmes, their favorite teams. The increased funding can even be used by institutions to acquire state of the art equipment that can further help in the improvement of the games. More funds can also be used for follow up programmes for the best student players once they finish their college years. The corporate world should be encouraged to participate in the affairs of the college sports, not for profit making but as a part of their corporate social responsibility. Big corporate organizations have plenty of money to be spent, and the college games should benefit from this, albeit in a minimal way. In conclusion it is evident that the role of the NCAA has greatly transformed from what it was a decade ago to what it is now. As discussed earlier, there are some major milestones which have been achieved, but as they say, the sky is the limit. As the sporting events become more popular part of the education system, so should the NCAA adapt to the ever changing world of sports. Its tentacles should be spread widely and far to transcend geographical boundaries and age limits among other limitations. The association should be highly commended for bringing a semblance of sanity to a field which had the potential of becoming rowdy and unruly, but thanks to the NCAA, the college sports now are more mature and sensible. The society must first of all appreciate the efforts that have been put in place by the administrative framework of the NCAA, so as to offer practical suggestions on its improvement. The social media can be used by the members of the society to raise their concerns and suggestions regarding the mode of operation of the association. On the other hand the association should accept positive criticism from the members of the public and incorporate the suggestions put forward by the society members. Thanks to the advance of the Internet, there can be an exchange of information between the association and the society. 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Mary McLeod Bethune Quotes

Mary McLeod Bethune Quotes Mary McLeod Bethune was an educator who founded Bethune-Cookman College and served as its president. Mary McLeod Bethune served in several capacities during the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration, including head of the Division of Negro Affairs of the National Youth Administration and advisor on selecting officer candidates for the Womens Army Corps. Mary McLeod Bethune founded the National Council of Negro Women in 1935. Selected Mary McLeod Bethune Quotations Invest in the human soul. Who knows, it might be a diamond in the rough. I leave you love. I leave you hope. I leave you the challenge of developing confidence in one another. I leave you respect for the use of power. I leave you faith. I leave you racial dignity. We live in a world which respects power above all things. Power, intelligently directed, can lead to more freedom. Next to God we are indebted to women, first for life itself, and then for making it worth living. The true worth of a race must be measured by the character of its womanhood. Whatever glory belongs to the race for a development unprecedented in history for the given length of time, a full share belongs to the womanhood of the race. If our people are to fight their way up out of bondage we must arm them with the sword and the shield and the buckler of pride. If we accept and acquiesce in the face of discrimination, we accept the responsibility ourselves. We should, therefore, protest openly everything ... that smacks of discrimination or slander. I do feel, in my dreamings and yearnings, so undiscovered by those who are able to help me. For I am my mothers daughter, and the drums of Africa still beat in my heart. They will not let me rest while there is a single Negro boy or girl without a chance to prove his worth. We have a powerful potential in our youth, and we must have the courage to change old ideas and practices so that we may direct their power toward good ends. There is a place in Gods sun for the youth farthest down who has the vision, the determination, and the courage to reach it. Faith is the first factor in a life devoted to service. Without it, nothing is possible. With it, nothing is impossible. Whatever the white man has done, we have done, and often better. You white folks have long been eating the white meat of the chicken. We Negroes are now ready for some of the white meat instead of the dark meat. If we have the courage and tenacity of our forebears, who stood firmly like a rock against the lash of slavery, we shall find a way to do for our day what they did for theirs. I never stop to plan. I take things step by step. Knowledge is the prime need of the hour. Cease to be a drudge, seek to be an artist. The whole world opened to me when I learned to read. From the first, I made my learning, what little it was, useful every way I could. Related Resources for Mary McLeod Bethune Mary McLeod Bethune BiographyAfrican American Women More Womens Quotes: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Explore Womens Voices and Womens History Womens Voices - About Womens QuotesPrimary SourcesBiographiesToday in Womens HistoryWomens History Home About These Quotes Quote collection assembled by Jone Johnson Lewis. Each quotation page in this collection and the entire collection  © Jone Johnson Lewis. This is an informal collection assembled over many years. I regret that I am not be able to provide the original source if it is not listed with the quote. Citation information:Jone Johnson Lewis. Mary McLeod Bethune Quotes. About Womens History. URL: http://womenshistory.about.com/od/quotes/a/mary_bethune.htm . Date accessed: (today). (More on how to cite online sources including this page)

SA4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SA4 - Essay Example ors’, Empires of images† and the â€Å"veil† by different offer critical arguments about the significance of the physical appearance in the society. From the article â€Å"Empires of Images†, the author exposes the evident obsession of women appearing more physically appealing (Bordo 2). The urge to conceal the adverse effects of age, women have relied on different products and surgical operations aimed at modifying the looks of an individual. The people choosing this path are only acting in response to root social problem that involves the criticality of physical appearance as a criterion to judge people. It introduces a competitive notion of being flawless and seeking the impossible perfection. This frenzy only occurs because the globe places extreme importance on physical appearance. In this text, only a single example of a celebrity judged according to her personality and competence, while the numerous other examples involve people judged according to their physical appearance, and hence their undying desire to attain a measure of perfection (Bordo 5). Notably, the text by Grealy titled the â€Å"Mirrors† also brings out a similar perspective, according to the experience of the author (Grealy 34). The author accepted multiple surgical operations after the adverse effects presented on the face during the removal of a cancerous tumor. The procedure served to alter the appearance of the author, deforming the face and leaving her physically unattractive. In such a state, the author faced multiple challenges because of the social stigma extended to her because of her physical appearance. It was unfortunate that the society was blind to the inside beauty that an individual had, a factor that compelled the author to accept the multiple numbers of operations in a bid to alter the face and make it more appealing (Grealy 36). In different residential areas, the author struggled with the evident rejection and isolation because of the physical appearance until she could

Erick Erikson Stage 8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Erick Erikson Stage 8 - Essay Example In the art of making up a balance between these two forces, there arises a psychosocial vacuum. It is from this point of view that Erikson developed his theory. He believed that the ego exists all through a lifetime (Bee, 2009). He also challenged a fellow psychologist, Sigmund Freud, by noting that behavior was not all defensive. In his belief on the enormous influence of culture on behavior, he explained the interaction between the body (physiology), mind (psychology), and culture (ethos) in the process of development. Philosophically, he summed the stages into two important principles; One’s world gets bigger as they grow, and, Failure cumulates along the stages (Bee, 2009). The literature describes Erickson’s eight stages of psychological development. Infancy stage (birth to 18 months) According to Erickson theory of psychological development, first stage occurs from birth to one year or 18 months. This is a fundamental stage for child’s development. At infan cy stage, the basic conflict is between trust and mistrust, significant event at this stage is feeding. At this phase, a child develops senses of trust to their parents or caregiver, after they have shown care, reliability, or consistency, and affections. Lack in providing support, care, and reliability; will lead to a child developing senses of mistrust to people surrounding them; the guardians, caregivers, and parents (Crain, 2011). Infants are usually dependent, thus, their development of trust is ultimately based on quality and dependability to their parents or caregivers. In a successful development of child’s trust, she/he will be feeling secure and safe with the world. Caregivers and parents who are emotionally unavailable, inconsistent or unreliable, and rejecting their children, they will lead to the development in feelings of mistrust (Crain, 2011). Therefore, failure of a child to develop trust with their caregiver, will lead to believe that, the world is unpredict able and inconsistent, hence, leading to fear. At the later ages in life, child with trust will have personality of confidence or fearless while those who had mistrust will develop personality of fear. Stage two: Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt It begins from 18 months to 3 years. Mobility of children was focused during development of the theory. The physical development advances, and the child try to press for their independence. Some of the common behaviors noticed are making choices on clothes to wear, picking the toys to play with, and choosing what to eat. A child in this stage tends to be autonomous or independent (Wrightsman, 2010). The child is in dire need of their parent’s support, to avoid experiencing failure. In this process, protection from constant failure and ridicule should be avoided through encouragement. Parents should not criticize their children for accidents, and failures, at the same time, not to perform every task for the child. If self- control is at tained without loss of self –esteem, then the child grows will be characterized with will as a virtue. If children are encouraged at this stage, they will become more independent and therefore, autonomy will be achieved. However, if constantly criticized, they begin to feel ashamed of their abilities, thus, developing poor self- esteem and later become doubtful (Kail & Cavanaugh, 2010). Stage three, pre-school (3 to 5 years) At the third stage of psychological development, it occurs between the