Ethics Program Essay Example for Free

Ethics Program EssayThe success of whollyiance X is largely determined by the ethical actions and right of the employees that support participation X. We are committed to providing education and duologue to promptly cut through ethical scruples or concerns raised by an employee. Managers should encourage discussion amongst employees especially regarding ethics. Ethics dialog should become integrated into a normal utilisation day to keep ethics fresh on constantlyyones minds and allow for manager and peer coaching.honorable dilemmas tush occur at any level of business and all employees should be able to make a decision that properly reflects the values and integrity of companionship X. We must strive that all(prenominal) action at friendship X promotes credibility and builds trust both internally and externally to the company. Respect for Others We all deserve to work in an surround that encourages employee growth and collaboration.Company X is an equal opportunity e mployer and is fully committed to providing a workplace that is free of discrepancy or harassment of any type. The law is very clear regarding this matter and Company X will not tolerate discrimination against another somebody that includes, notwithstanding is not limited to, race, sex, age, religious affiliation, national origin, disabilities, or any other class that is offered protection by federal, state or local laws. In addition, harassment of any nature will not be tolerated.Harassment in the work place can take many forms that can include, but is not limited to, unwanted sexual advances, derogatory statements or jokes, lewd emails, unwanted touching, and leering at someone are a few examples of actions that could be considered harassment. It is important to remember what may seem acceptable to you may make someone else feel uncomfortable. A diverse base of cultures, ethnicities, religion and values is at the foundation of America and it should be expected in the work place .You must be contentious of how your actions translate across different cultures and how your actions may be perceived, irrespective of innovation. allthing that creates a hostile or offensive work environment is unacceptable and will be addressed by management. Any employee who feels discriminated or harassed against should in a flash report the incident to his or her manager or human resources. Open Door Policy Company X has an Open Door Policy this way of life that everyone should feel comfortable speaking his or her mind, particularly regarding ethics concerns, without fear of reprisal or intimidation.Managers have a responsibility to create a supportive environment where employees feel comfortable discussing any concern or questions that they may have. Company X will only truly benefit when employees feel like that can take any concern they may have to management to prevent a mistake or wrong doing by asking the right question at the right time. Under no circumstance will C ompany X tolerate retaliation or intimidation against an employee who report instances of questionable or unethical behavior in good faith.All claims will be fully investigated by world Resources. Any employee who makes a false claim, with malicious intent will face disciplinary actions, up to and including termination. Some actions that could be brought forward in good faith include, but are not limited to, populate an internal complaint, filing complaint with external agency, unethical practices, requesting accommodations in accordance with ADA Act, refusing to follow unlawful orders, or filing workers compensation claim.Employees are further to address any concerns they may have with their engage manager, ethical or otherwise. In the event the employee does not feel comfortable addressing the concern with his or her direct manager or the direct manager is culpable or unresponsive regarding the ethics trespass or other issue, the employee is boost to report the incident to t he theater director of Human Resources. All issues of this nature will be kept confidential unless information must be shared due to legal action. SafetyCompany X is committed to providing and maintaining a safe workplace. Your safety and the safety of others should take precedence over anything else. All employees are required to comply with all of Company Xs safety rules and guidelines as well as any federal, state and local laws. Each employee is responsible to provide a safe work area for themselves and coworkers by maintaining an organized work area that is free from potential hazards. If there is ever any doubt regarding safety then you should immediately take and notify manager.If there is ever a doubt about how to safely perform a task, then immediately stop and notify manager. No employee should ever be put in a situation or put others in a situation where they fear for their safety or the safety of anyone else. Any additional measures that could be taken to further incre ase the safety of an employee should be taken. Any unsafe working conditions or procedures must be immediately report to your manager. In the event of an injury, regardless of severity, it must be reported immediately to your manager and Human Resources.There is nothing more important at Company X than the safety of our employees. There should never be a situation where an employee is put in an unsafe situation nor should an employee fear reprisal for reporting an unsafe condition. Employees should address safety concerns with direct managers in the event that the direct manager is unresponsive then the employee must take safety concern to Director of Human Resources. No work is to occur until any safety concern is appropriately addressed.Conflicts of InterestsEmployees at Company X must avoid any relationship or use that might affect our judgment regarding business decisions. We may be faced with a situation where the decision we make to benefit Company X may conflict with our own interests. Opposing, we may be in a situation where a course of action benefits you personally, but may be may not be in the best interest of Company X. As an employee of Company X we must strive to advance the interests of Company X at every opportunity to do so, regardless of personal interests or conflicts.Property, information or position obtained while at Company X should only be employ for the benefit of Company X and must never be used for the personal gain or you, your friends or family. Listed are some conflicts of interests intended to dilate potential conflicts between Company Xs interests and your personal interests. This list is not exhaustive and should be used as a reference existence employed a competitor or potential competitor, supplier, or customer, regardless of the nature of the employment, while you are employed with Company X.Hiring or supervising family members or friends. Owning or having a substantial interest in a competitor, supplier or customer. Plac ing company business with a firm owned or controlled by a Company X employee or his or her family. Accepting gifts, discounts, regards or services from a customer/potential customer, competitor or supplier, unless equally on hand(predicate) to all Company X employees. It is not always easy to determine if a conflict of interests exists or not. It is always best to seek advice from management and Human Resources when there is any doubt.There is no violation for getting another opinion, so if there is any question at all, you are strongly encouraged to get as many valid opinions as possible. Another area that may present a conflict of interest or position of favor includes business courtesies. Business courtesies include gifts, gratuities, meals, refreshments, entertainment or other benefits from persons or companies with whom Company X does or may do business. We are committed to attractive competition in the market through innovative products and solid business integrity.Any acti on that creates a perception of favorable treatment towards vendors or clients in exchange for business courtesies should be avoided. Company X does not support accepting or giving business courtesies that could constitute unfair business practices, violation of laws, or brings embarrassment to Company X. It should be expected to offer or accept occasional meals, refreshments, entertainment and similar business courtesies as part of amount business practices. Some general guidelines regarding what would be considered appropriate and what would be inappropriate are provided.

Assessing The Effect Of Iran And Sanctions Politics Essay

Assessing The Effect Of Iran And Sanctions Politics Es pleadNations around the globe are at odds over the issue of nuclear proliferation. As some countries aim to build their nuclear defenses, another(prenominal)s aim to decrease or put an end to proliferation solely. Iran and the United States are a pertinent example of the reason and the latter. In order to ensure the externalist communitys safety, the U.S. Government and its allies must enforce economic sanctions on Iran to thwart the flow of materials and funds essential for the artless to grow its nuclear missile programs.On June 1st the U.S. Government and its allies, the U.N. (United Nations) Security Council, and the E.U. (European Union), along with other nations, imposed a fourth round of strict sanctions on Iran. This was done in reaction to Iran, which is a outgrowth of the U.N., choosing not to comply with the rules and regulations of the IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency), a sub power of the U.N. Since th e IAEA is a sub effect of the U.N. which Iran is a member nation of, it must comply. The IAEA was established in 1957 to act as an international watchdog, monitoring and reporting on the nuclear activities of all member nations of the U.N. This agency promotes safety and piece in the arena of nuclear technologies. Iran says that its nuclear endeavors are nonbelligerent, intended only to generate electricity and produce medical isotopes, not to construct a nuclear weapon its actions imply just the opposite. Despite the behest of the U.S. and its allies, the AEOI (Atomic Energy Organization of Iran) continually hampers the agencys inspection processes. It recently stripped two agency inspectors of the right to monitor its nuclear activities and refused others access to some(prenominal) facilities. The IAEA says that at the rate Iran is enriching nuclear fuel, it would soon have enough to produce two nuclear weapons. This godlike alarm and concern throughout the international commu nity about what Iran is doing behind closed doors. Without the IAEA keeping watch our safety is compromised, a belligerent Iran poses a dandy danger. Some may say that Irans nuclear program poses virtually no affright because it is so much smaller in comparison to that of the U.S.s and U.N.s. This idea is completely nonsensical. Just one nuclear missile in the hands of a country with a destructive agenda poses a much greater threat than five thousand nuclear missiles in the possession of a country with a peaceful agenda. Iran has yet to convince the nuclear watchdog of the peaceful temperament of its nuclear program.This hazardous situation requires strict sanctions against Irans trade, military, and financial transactions carried out by the IRGC (Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps), which controls the nuclear program and has taken a central design in running the country and the economy. The New York Times ReportsThe sanctions require countries to inspect ships or planes headed to or from Iran if they suspect banned cargo is aboard. The sanctions bar Iran from pursuing each activity related to ballistic missiles capable of delivering nuclear weapons. Bar Iranian investment in activities such as uranium mining, and prohibit Iran from buying several categories of heavy weapons, including attack helicopters, missiles and other nuclear-related technology.It is the position of some that sanctions are ineffective, not a means to an end but instead a sort of prerequisite to doing something that might actually make a difference (such as a declaration of war). People who take that position are misinformed about the situation and sanctions in general. Economic Sanctions or restrictions on foreign commerce have been implemented by countries throughout history as an effective means of influencing one anothers behavior. In 432 B.C., Athens imposed sanctions on the state of Megara, denying it access to its harbor and market place, in order to resist it from fighting against it. In more recent history, sanctions were no-hit in blocking the transfer of cryogenic rocket engines from Russia to India in 1993, stopping the shipment of arms from southmost Africa to Syria in 1997, and halting china from exporting peeled military equipment in 1998.This is not to say that sanctions are always effective, or that they have any effect at all. In this case the U.S. is going the wasted mile to ensure that they are effective. It has imposed its own sanctions on foreign banks that violate Irans sanctions. overseas banks that continue to do business with Iranian banks and firms that may be associated with nuclear missile programs are banned from accessing the U.S. financial system. The prospect of being cut off from the U.S. economy adds an impetus for foreign banks to not violate the sanctions.not all countries in the U.N. and U.N. Security Council are on board with the sanctions against Iran. The U.N. Security Council is composed of five permanent members , they are The United States, China, Russian Federation, France, and United region and ten non permanent members with a term of one year. Every member nation voted for the Sanctions except Brazil and Turkey (nonpermanent members) who voted against them. Brazils Ambassador to the U.S., Maria Luiza Ribeiro sighted a lack of diplomacy, In our view the adoption of new sanctions by the Security Council provide delay rather than accelerate or ensure progress. She goes on to say that the nations should increase talks. The U.S. and its allies have been talking to Iran about their nuclear program for years the problem is that Iran is unwilling to listen now it is time to take action. Foreign Minister Celso Amorim told reporters in the capital Brasilia We dont want Iran to have nuclear arms, let there be no doubt about that. They, like other countries, have the right to a peaceful (nuclear power) program. It is true that Iran has the right to have a peaceful nuclear power program unfortunat ely a peaceful nuclear program is not what they aim to have. Brazil and Turkey negotiated a trade in an attempt to quell international suspicion of nuclear weapons and prevent sanctions. Iran was to ship its low enriched uranium to turkey, were it would be stored, in return for a research reactor from Brazil. Yet, Iran continued to enrich its fuel, getting it closer and closer to levels needed to construct a nuclear weapon.South Korea and Japan are putting the international communitys safety ahead of their own economical gain. Trade between Iran and South Korea grew to $9.6 billion last year, up from $2.9 billion in 2000, Iran is its largest export market in the Middle East. Iran is the fourth-largest source of crude oil for South Korea, accounting for 10 percent of its oil imports. Despite all this the county imposed sanctions on Iran that are similar to those previously announced by Japan and the European Union. Foreign Ministry spokesman, Young-sun says, Our organisation expects Iran to join the international efforts for nuclear nonproliferation and take steps to faithfully implement its obligations under the relative Japan and U.N.S.C. resolutions.Of course Iran is against the sanctions, saying that they are a form of economic warfare. No amount of pressure and mischief will be able to break our nations determination to pursue and defend its legal and untransferable rights. Iran is one of the most powerful and stable countries in the region and never bowed and will never bow to the hostile actions and pressures by these few powers, and will continue to defend its rights, said Mohammad Khazaee, representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran to the United Nations. The problem with that argument is that Iran is not under the pressure of few powers, but of the international community. Are they bullying Iran? No they are protecting themselves from a situation that poses danger to them and the citizens of their nations whom they have a duty to protect. Presi dent of the U.S., Barack Obama, put it best when he said We recognize Iranss rights but with those rights come responsibilities. And time and time again, the Iranian government has failed to meet those responsibilities.We can only hope that this new round of sanctions is happy in changing Irans calculations of costs and benefits of pursuing nuclear proliferation. Hopefully Irans leaders will come to the conclusion that their interests of Iran and its people are better served by complying with its international obligations. Iran continues to have the opportunity to take a different and better path, says Obama, lets hope it does.

Analysis of variance models

depth psychology of divergency setsAbstract analysis of edition (ANOVA) casts has become widely employ tool and plays a fundamental role in much of the application of statistics today. Two-way ANOVA models involving stochastic personal fixs have found widespread application to experimental frame in varied fields such as biology, econometrics, quality control, and engineering. The article is comprehensive presentation of methods and techniques for point estimation, interval estimation, estimation of stochastic variable comp superstarnts, and hypotheses tests for Two-Way Analysis of Variance with random effects. Key words Analysis of variance two-part classification variance components random effects model 1. Introduction The random effects model is not fraught with questions about assumptions as is the mixed effects model. Concerns have been expressed over the reasonableness of assuming that the interaction term abij is tossed into the model independently of ai and bj . Ho wever, uncorrelatedness, which with normality becomes license, does seem to emerge from finite sampling models that define the interaction to be a function of the main A and B effects. The problem usually of interest is to estimate the components of variance. The model (1) is referred to as a cross-classification model. A slightly different and equally important model is the nested model. For this last mentioned model see (5) and the related discussion. 2. Estimation of variance components The standard method of moments data processors for a balanced design(i.e., = n ) be based on the expected baseborn squares for the sums of nij squares. The credentials of the estimators (4) are that they are uniform minimum variance candid estimators (UMVUE) under normal theory, and uniform minimum variance quadratic unbiased estimators (UMVQUE) in general. They do, however, suffer the embarrassment of close totimes beingness negative, except for .e which is always positive. The actual max imum likelihood estimators would occur on a boundary rather than being negative. The best way is to always adjust an estimate to zero rather than report a negative value. It should certainly be possible to construct modify estimators along the lines of the Klotz-Milton-Zacks estimators used in the one-way classification. However, the expounds on these estimators have not been worked out by anyone for the two-way classification. Estimating variance components from imbalanced data is not as straight-forward as from balanced data. This is so for two reasons. First, several methods of estimation are available (most of which reduce to the analysis of variance method for balanced data), save no one of them has yet been clearly established as superior to the others. Second, all the methods involve relatively cumbersome algebra discussion of unbalanced data trick therefore easily deteriorate into a welter of symbols, a situation we do our best (perhaps not successfully) to minimize her e1. On the other hand, extremely unbalanced designs are a horror story. A number of different methods have been proposed for handling them, but all involve extensive algebraic manipulations. The technical detail required to carry out these analyses exceeds the limitations set for this article. On occasion reckons A and B are such that it makes no sense to postulate the existence of interactions, so the terms abij should be dropped from (1). In this case .ab disappears from (3) and the estimators for .a and 1 Djordjevic V., Lepojevic V., Henderson?s approach to Variance Components estimation for unbalanced data, Facta Universitatis, Vol.2 No.1, 2004. pg. 59 Another variation on the model (1) gives rise to the nested model. In general, the nested model for components of variance problems occur more frequently in practice than does the cross-classification model. In the nested model the main effects for one factor, say, B, are missing in (1). The reason is that the entities creating t he different levels of factor B are not the same for different levels of factor A. For example, the levels ( inferior i ) of factor A might represent different litters, and the levels (subscript j) of factor B might be different animals, which are a different set for each litter. The additional subscript k might denote repeated measurements on each animal. To be specific, the formal model for the nested design is and independence between the different lettered variables. It is general with this model to use the symbol b rather than ab because the interpretation for this term has changed from synergism or interaction to one of a main effect nested inside another main effect. For a balanced design the method of moments estimators are based on the sums of squares which have degrees of freedom I-1, I (J-1), and IJ(n-1) , respectively. The loaded squares equivalent to (7) have the expectations The increasing tier phenomenon exhibited in (8) holds for nested designs with more than two effects. The only complication arises when one or more of the estimates are negative. This is an indication that the corresponding variance components are zero or negligible. One might want to resent any negative estimates to zero, combine the adjacent sums of squares, and subtract the combined blind drunk squares from the mean squares higher in the tier. Extension of these ideas to the unbalanced design does not represent as formidable a task for the nested design as it does for the crossed design. The sums of squares (7), suitably modified for unbalanced designs, form the basis for the analysis. It is even possible to allow for varying numbers Ji of factor B for different levels of factor A. 3. Tests for variance components The appropriate test statistics for various hypothesis of interest can be determined by examining the expected mean squares in the table of analysis of variance. However, we come about the difficulty that even under the normality assumption exact F tests may not be available for some of the An analogous F statistic provides a test for H0.b 2 =0 . Under the alternative no null hypotheses, these proportions are distributed as the appropriate ratios of multiplicative constants from (10) times central F random variables. Thus power calculations are made from central F tables for fixed effects models. The F tests of H .2 =0 and H .2 =0 mentioned in the 0 ab 0 a preceding paragraph are uniformly most powerful similar tests. However, they are not likelihood ratio tests, which are more complicated because of boundaries to the parameter space. Although their general use is not recommended because of their extreme sensitivity to no normality, confidence intervals can be constructed based on the statistical distribution theory 10. The complicated method of Bulmer (1957), which is described in Scheffe 11 pg. 27-28, is available. However, the approximate method of Satterhwaite 10 pg. 110-114 may produce just as good results. The distribution theory for the sums of squares (7) used in conjunction with nested designs is straightforward and simple. To test the hypothesis H0.b2 =0 one uses the F ratio MS (B)/MS(E), and to test H0.a 2 =0 the appropriate ratio is MS (A)/MS (B). In all nested designs the higher line in the tier is always tested against the next lower line. If a conclusion is reached that .b2 =0 , then the test of H0.a2 =0 could be improved by combining SS (B) and SS(E) to form a denominator sum of squares with I(J-1) + I J (n-1) degrees of freedom. Under alternative hypotheses these F ratios are distributed as central F ratios multiplied by the appropriate ratio of variances. This can be exploited to produce confidence intervals on some variance ratios. However, one still needs to rely on the approximate Satterhwaite 10 pg. 110-114 approach for constructing intervals on individual components. 4. Estimations of individual effects and overall mean For the two-way crossed classification with random effects interest The classical approach would be to use the estimates ?ij = yij. The idea would be to shrink the individual estimates toward the common mean as in. where the shrinking factor S depends on the sums of squares SS (E), SS (AB), SS(B), and SS(A) . Unfortunately, the specific details on the construction of an appropriate S have not been worked out for the two-way classification as they have been for the one-way classification. Alternatively, attention might center on estimating a1,, aI , or, equivalently, on the levels of factor B. Again, specific estimators have not been proposed to exit for handling this situation. In the nested design one sometimes wants an estimate and confidence interval for ?. One typically uses ?= y . In the balanced case this estimator has variance. This can be estimated by MS (A)/I J n. In the unbalanced case an estimate for the variability of y can be obtained by substituting estimates .2, .b2 and 2 into the expression for the variance of y . Alternative estimator s using different weights may be worth considering in the unbalanced case. 5. Conclusion Analysis of variance (ANOVA) models have become widely used tools and play a fundamental role in much of the application of statistics today. In particular, ANOVA models involving random effects have found widespread application to experimental design in a variety of fields requiring Two-Way Analysis of Variance for ergodic Models measurements of variance, including agriculture, biology, animal breeding, applied genetics, econometrics, quality control, medicine, engineering, and social sciences. With a two-way classification there are two distinct factors affecting the observed responses. Each factor is investigated at a variety of different levels in an experiment, and the combination of the two factors at different levels form a cross-classification. In a two-way classification each factor can be either fixed or random. If both factors are random, the model is called a random effects model.Va rious estimators of variance components in the two-way crossed classification random effects model with one observation per cell are compared under the standard assumptions of normality and independence of the random effects. Mean squared error is used as the measure of performance. The estimators being compared are the minimum variance unbiased, the restricted maximum likelihood, and several modifications of the unbiased and the restricted maximum likelihood estimators.

Ethical Practice in Social Work

Ethical exert in amicable WorkThe aim of this identification is to demonstrate links between different codes defining estimable normal, ordinance and the requirements of occupational conduct. The antecedent will withal discuss knowledge of traditional affable work look upons and recent changes in the measure viewpoint of affable work. The alliance of estimable themes and the cast of ethical theories will also be considered, concluding with the requirements of professional accessible work practice.Although social work is a profession laden with contradictions, the primary task within the social work profession is to ensure that the directives and prescripts enshrined in social work ethics, call on social workers to get to human rights and willingly be able to challenge unjust principles (Allan et al 2009).Moral codes and social structure is recorded as far back as the Ancient Greek Polis era with suppression of civic autonomy. The idea of lifetime of virtue and hu man fulfilment leading on to the parvenue course in ethics chartered during the Hellenistic era be the most discussed social structures discussed to meshing, regarding early ethics and values although forms of social structural developments were occurring in Egypt, Mesopotamia, China and India has slight recorded by historians (Bryant 1996). Bisman (2004) acknowledges that the core concept of lesson concerns drove social works development during the professions formative years. Although Jones (1997) cited in Bisman (2004) (pg 110) complains that the profession has been particularly silent all over the past twenty years about the shifting patterns in social well universeness and disadvantage and that this silence may be a direct trespass of the social work codes of ethics.The emphasis of social change was more evident during the settlement movement and the emphasis was on Toynbees philosophy that thither was a learn to unite the advocacy of social reform and the inclusion of various classes to ensure fiat performs those duties (Bisman 2004). Self determination is central to the social workers ethical responsibilities to invitees. Hepworth et al (2009) (pg 60.) shout out that codes of ethics ar the embodiment of a professions values. Acknowledgment for principals and standards for social workers behaviours ar imbedded in the Codes of Ethics circulated by the National crosstie of Social Workers addressing the range of responsibilities that social workers have as professionals to their clients, colleagues, employers, profession and to society as a whole (Hepworth et al 2008 ). Addams (1902) (pg 1) believed that ethics is but another word for righteousness without which life becomes meaningless.The United Nations Convention on the Rights of a Child acknowledge that the values vary from country to country and the understanding of values universally be very problematic. However, it is not just the question of different values, but a question of relat ive power (Heintz 2009). Every Child Matters (2003) contains five outcomes which are be healthy, staying safe, enjoying and achieving, making a positive contribution as well as economic well-being have absorbed the UNCRC Articles into a comprehensible table. This ensures that practitioners are raddled to reflecting the ethical principles and value viewpoint when making their decisions regarding client needs.Wilks (2005) highlights that there are cardinal central conceptual strands that account for social work values these are social work ethics and anti-discriminatory practice. However although these two strands lie together there are conflicts. Strategies have been adopted to bridge the gap in principle by means of social justice or equality.Nash (2000) was also interested in the ethics of the individual self and understanding the power differences. Although seeing everyone as social actors, concerned with interaction through and through social behaviour idler at times be frag mented, unstable, fluid and fast changing. This unpredictability is why it is very central that social workers analyse each individual case thoroughly, reflecting on where and when to employ ethical and value establish decisions that will influence positive results.Clarks (2000) cited in Tovey (2007) acknowledges that there are five basic principles that promote ethical practice in social work are notice for and promotion of individuals rights to self-determination progression of welfare or well-beingEqualityDisruptive justiceDisciplineFurthermore, it is important that traditional social work values are employed, but it is also important that consideration for limitations of traditional social work values and how these values change at macro, meso and micro levels of practice. Dominelli 2004(pg 63) argues that although chargeing clients is seen as a way of moving forward, it is otiose to do more than deal with issues at the micro level of practice in the practitioner-client rela tionship, and has little impact on structural inequalities, which also need to be displaceed. By being involved in transforming the knowledge base and structure of clients current or future situation, the social workers has to rethink the epistemological base on which social work is founded and be a value base that aims to create a professional culture that can guide particular interventions (Dominelli 2004). Banks (2006) acknowledges that ethical issues are problematic in social work and that the codes of ethics and codes of conduct fail to explicitly address issues faced by those who are regulated by them. Practioners find themselves in difficult situations which at times results in ethical predicaments. It is still imperative to witness the requirements of professional conduct and that the deontological draw close creates a logic whereby professionals are duty-bound to fol confused their ethical code and where ethical practice without guiding principles is inconceivable ( co lour 2009 pg 2).The Scottish Social Services Codes of Practice (SSSC 2005) 2005 are a key step in a system of regulation for social service delivered along with setting standards for practitioners to be accountable for their actions. SSSC (2005) state that there are six codes of practice that social service workers are required to take account of these areProtect the rights and promote the interests of service Users and copers.Strive to establish and maintain the trust and confidence ofService users and carers.Promote the independence of service users while protectingThem as far as possible from danger or harm.Respect the rights of service users whilst seeking to ensurethat their behaviour does not harm themselves or other people.Uphold public trust and confidence in social services.Be accountable for the quality of their work and takeduty for maintaining and improving theirknowledge and skills.Social work has undergone radical changes, in addition, the imperialistic approach has b een passing criticised as being stereotyped and culturally preoccupied with the blame culture. Raynor (1984) treasure that there was a difference in accountability, regardless of justification. His findings were that social workers are accountable for their take actions, although social workers were only protecting the weaker party in an imbalance of power. It is important that social workers draw on empirical approaches, although the focus should be on solving problems and narrowing the problematic gap in cultural differences between social worker /client relationship working within a moral rational manner.A postmodern approach in social work has highlighted areas in the welfare state that acknowledge that specific welfare resources are being cut due to rationalisation. Social services need to look at the way economic, social structures and regional injustices in impoverished communities are constructed and adapt to meet their individual needs. Postmodernism argues for the grand or universal social change on which social work was founded, but now ultimately social work mustiness refocus its attentions on exposing global economical inequalities and oppressive gender and ethnicity-based relationships across the globe (Noble 2004).The Kantian philosophy encourages that we should treat others as a being who has excerption and desires along with a being is those who are capable of rational thought and self determined actions should have the ability to make decisions and act accordingly to their own choices and desires (Banks 2006).Although deontological and utilitarian approaches tend to dominate social work ethics Lovat and Gray (2008) dispute that within this postmetaphysical age Habermas declare oneselfs a form of proportionate ethics through the Aristotelian and Thomistic thinking offering a new and practical approach which is particularly appropriate to a modernately post-scientific, postmetaphysical age. Lovat and Gray (2008) (pg 1101) also recognised within the pretty post-scientific age, although the thinking had a heavy reliance on science they were aware of the limitations of science in addressing adequately all of lifes demands and providing all of its answers. Lovat and Gray (2008) also proposed a new approach to ethical deliberation and judgment that has potential to meet the needs of those seeking greater ontological certainty than science can provide.By implementing a Proportionism approach, which is an ethical and moral approach and holds promise for a more balanced perspective in that social work is both science and art. boilers suit the proportionist approach is comfortable with the inconsistent position in whatever ethical dilemma and by applying wisdom, common mavin and probing scientific explanations an ethical decision can be made. The value of a proportionist position is best captured when we realise that any ethical decision which runs counter to accepted or popular norms cannot be underestimated in terms of its potential to create tension, fear or recrimination( Lovat and Gray 2008 pg 1107).Changing Lives (2006) highlights the ethical and value base by means of four tier approach negotiating a balance between care and control, although the practitioner is under statutory obligation and the nature of the situation is complex the focus should be with avoiding any ethical boundary disputes working in a multi disciplinary approach foc exploitation on the value base work with the client.Pitts (2000) discusses the Federation International des Communautes Educatives 1998 (FICE 1998) describes that a sound ethical practice is of critical importance. A code of ethics establishes good practice and offers guidance to individual workers in difficult situations, along with playing as a template against which to test conduct and target reform of modifications that need to be made. This in turn guides the practitioners to think about best practice and new answers to ethical issues that may arise.Wi thin Getting it Right for Every Child (2006) Big Words and Big Tables section 2.6 Consent/Ethics, ethically empower the child or youthfulness person regardless of age to educate and promote the best services available by informing the chid or newborn person of all resources available. The FICE 1998 is dedicated to promoting the lives and future of children and young people around the world creating and promoting global standards for looked after children, The British Association of Social Workers has a Code of Ethics key principles reinforce what service providers should be doing to meet the needs of children and young people these areHuman Dignity and WorthRespect for human dignity and for individual and cultural diversityValue for every human being, their beliefs, goals, preferences and needsRespect for human rights and self-determinationPartnership and empowerment with users of services and with carersEnsuring protection for vulnerable peopleSocial JusticePromoting fair access to resourcesEqual treatment without prejudice or discriminationReducing disadvantage and extrusionChallenging the abuse of powerServiceHelping with in-person and social needsEnabling people to develop their potentialContributing to creating a fairer societyIntegrityHonesty, reliability and confidentialityCompetenceMaintaining and expanding competence to provide a quality serviceHarris (1998)(pg 843) highlights that in the new social services departments, social work was to exist, not simply as another branch of local authority administration, but in its own right as a state-mediated, bureau-professional labour process. comity for Biesteks casework principles, individualisation, purposeful expression of feelings, controlled emotional involvement, acceptance, non-judgemental attitude, service user self-determination and confidentiality were the early foundations of principles that have paved the way for influencing present date values in social work (Banks 2006). Tovey (2007) insist s that the principles are open to interpretation and practitioners should be aware of the limitations in ethical decision making and the focus on rules and duties influence determining actions in particular situations.The legal textile within the Children (Scotland) twist 1995 (Act 1995) underpins what practitioners are required to do to ensure children and young people are provided for and looked after by parents, guardians or their local authority. The Act 1995 chapter 36 section 19 advises that the plan for services has to take into consideration relevant services to be provided.ReferencesAddams, J. 1902. Democracy and Social Ethics. Macmillan London.Allan, J., Briskman, L., Pease, B. diminutive Social Work Theories and Practices for a Socially Just World. Allen Unwin NSW.Banks, S. 3rd Ed, 2006. Ethics and Values in Social Work. Palgrave Macmillan Basingstoke.Bisman, C. 2004 Social Work Values The Moral message of the Profession. British daybook of Social Work 2004. 34, 109 -123.Bryant, M,J. 1996. Moral Codes and Social Structure in Ancient Greece A Sociology of Greek Ethics from Homer to Epicureans and Stoics. New York conjure up USA. in stock(predicate) on line Changing Lives Report of the 21st Century Social Work Review http//www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2006/02/02094408/8 Accessed October 2009. easy on line Children (Scotland) Act 1995 http//www.opsi.gov.uk/ACTS/acts1995/ukpga_19950036_en_3pt2-ch1-pb2-l1g19 Accessed October 2009.Dominelli, L. 2004. Social Work theory and Practice for a Changing Profession. Polity shorten Cambridge.Available on lineEvery Child Matters (2003) http//www.dcsf.gov.uk/everychildmatters/strategy/strategyandgovernance/uncrc/unitednationsconventionontherightsofthechild/ Accessed October 2009.Available on lineGetting it Right for Every Child (2006) http//www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2005/06/20135608/56098 Accessed October 2009.Gray, M. 2009. Moral Sources and Emergent Ethical Theories in Social Work. Brittish Jour nal of Social Work, September 22, 2009.1-18.Harris, J. 1998. scientific Managment, Bureau-Professionalism, New Managerialism The Labour Process of call down Social Work. British Journal of Social Work. (1998) 28, 839-862.Heintz, M. 2009. The Anthropology of Moralities. Berghahn Books United States.Hepworth, H, D., Rooney, H, R., Rooney, D,G., Strom-Gottfried, K., Larsen, J. 2009 8th Ed. Direct Social Work Practice Theory and Skill. Cengage Learning Canada.Lovat, T., Gray, M. 2008. Towards a Proportionist Social Work Ethics A Habermasian Perspective British Journal of Social Work 2008.38, 1100-1114.Raynor, P. 1984. Evaluation with One Eye closed(a) The Empiricist Agenda in Social Work Research. British Journal of Social Work 1984. 14, 1-10.Available on line Pitts, J. 2000. Committee on the Rights of the Child State Violence Against Children. http//www.crin.org/docs/resources/treaties/crc.25/pitts.pdf Accessed October 2009.Noble, C. 2004. Postmodern Thinking Where is it Taking Socia l Work? Journal of Social Work. 2004. 4, 289-304.Nash, K. 2000. Readings in Contempory Political Sociology. Blackwell Publishers Ltd Oxford.Available on line The British Association of Social Workers has a Code of Ethics http//www.basw.co.uk/Default.aspx?tabid=64 Accessed October 2009.Available on line The Scottish Social Services Codes of Practice 2005 http//www.sssc.uk.com/NR/rdonlyres/3A6C6F84-EB11-4DE2-90FF-5E143610C2B7/0/SSSCCodesofPracticebookletSept09.pdf Accessed October 2009.Tovey, W. 2007. The Post-Qualifying Handbook for Social Workers. Jessica Kingsley Publishers London.Wilks, T. 2005. Social Work and Narrative Ethics. British Journal of Social Work 2005. 35, 1249-1264.Case StudyIn this assignment the author had to take into consideration any ethical and value based factors before exploring a workable therapeutic intervention that would meet the needs of the client within this case study. The ethical and value based dilemmas that require consideration needed to be put in to a logical workable framework. The author then can identify and progressively hand over to meet the needs of any ethical issues faced by both practitioner and client. This process needs to be addressed ethically in common chord different ways these are the interests, rights and power. The author will then reflect, explain, analysis and use evidence on how to approach and meet the ethical needs of the client.The client will be given a pseudonym to protect and ensure confidentiality and privacy throughout this assignment, consent was also given by the main carers. The male child who will be referred to as Marc is now 12 years of age and has recently been diagnosed with (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) ADHD which is now being challenged (Appendix 1).First and foremost, it is vitally important to look at the young person as a whole by using the Getting it Right for Every Child 2006 (GIRFEC 2006) My world modelling approach which is underpinned by common values and princi ples along with shared models, tools and practices that are designed to support work with children and young people (on line). Although GIRFEC 2006 -Proposal for Action Analysis of reference book resolutions argue is there sufficient emphasis and guidance about the childs involvement and are there sections which need strengthening to ensure that the child or young person is at the heart of the process? (on line). This statement reinforces the authors need to assess all aspects of the clients wellbeing. This in turn ensures that the author considers all areas of ethical value based concerns before committing to a solution based framework to employ to the service users current situation. By utilising Collingwoods (2005) three-stage theory framework provided the author with a workable framework to apply a process that would then develop a flexible and developmental tool, which can then identify any specific ethical and value based issues to inform the authors intervention strategy.Co nsideration for background in shaping to work ethically with clientBy using a Proportionism approach and by expression at the applied science model to solve any ethical issues, then by applying an existing body of professional knowledge to make sense of complex and difficult human situations. This generates an understanding of the current situation, develops a organize sequence to practice in a systematic way, then to practice in a thoughtful and professional manner to allow consideration of cultural circumstance of the current ethical dilemmas (Howe 2002). By completing the Collingwood (2005) theory circle, stage two informed the author of the theory to inform/ intervene ethically and stage three helped identify the knowledge, skills and values to work ethically with the client.The author drew on more than one principle based ethical approach. This maximised the wellbeing and minimised harm whilst following core values, principles and codes. Although applying the deontological ap proach allows the author the ability to create logic and ensures that the author is following ethical codes and principles as there are moral judgments and difficult ethical decisions to be made. Gray (2009) reinforces that practitioners should not undermine the importance of principles and codes. It seems logical to utilise modern workable theory to practice by employing the proportionals approach to explore present situation, consequences and sense of perception on the basis of evidence before the practitioner, using the best means available for forming judgments that springs directly from these means and allows for the end to justify the means (Gray 2009). By applying the Proportionism approach allows the author to build on, manufacture or equilibrise theories, by transcending existing theories to provide a new and superior form of working ethically it can only enhance practitioner/ client relationships (Lovat and Gray 2008).The following areas were highlighted as in need of de velopment to address the ethical issues for the client.The author believes that there is an insecure attachment base. Bowlby cited in Butterworth and Harris (1994) argues that insecure attachments contribute to the formation of a neurotic personality as they take the child down a psychologically unhealthy pathway.Developmental stage using Ericsons psychosocial stages where the child should be in the fourth stage of industry versus inferiority, recognising that it is important that the child does not run the risk of developing a sense of inferiority a sense of inadequacy resulting in feeling worthless at this stage (Slee 2002). Leading on to the general effect of the grief, after the mind has suffered an acute paroxysm of grief, and the catch still continues, we fall into a state of low spirits or feel utterly cast down and dejected (on line) (Darwin1872).InterventionIt has been long recognised that practitioners have been torn between the utilitarian and the deontologists approach to social work and by breaking free and proceeding on the basis inclusion, open communication, empathy and being impartial is the way forward for practitioners (Houston 2003). A valid moral decision is reached when those affected by it endorse it as the preferred way forward. In arrive at this agreement participants must accept the consequences of the decision for all concerned and its impact on everyones interests (Houston 2003 pg 822).Therapeutic interventions are used in many different situations and the end goals of intervention programs are to inspire people to make the necessary changes to take control of their own lives again (on line) (When are Therapeutic Interventions Recommended?).Consideration for the clients diagnosis as being ADHD is a significant contributing factor to ensuring the best therapeutic model is used to address underlying issues. Controlled longitudinal studies show that by late adolescence and early adulthood, children identified as having ADHD are at r isk for a number of mental health problems the most noticeable are anti-social behaviours, cognitive difficulties, poor academic achievement and lower occupational status (on line) ( Thorley 1998). Although diagnose of the clients ADHD is in dispute, ethically the author is at duty to include the probability of ADHD until a conclusive assessment is carried out to confirm or dismiss the first diagnosis when considering play therapy interventions.The British Association of take on Therapists (BAPT) is the foremost professional body that registers run across Therapists and regulates Play Therapy practice in Britain and have codes of practice along with play therapy standards to regulate play therapy and training (on line)(BAPT 2009). Play Therapists need to be motivated, concerned and directed towards good ethical practice. They are required to take responsibility to maintain these standards and Play Therapists should always accept responsibility for their professional behavior and actions (on line) (BAPT 2009).Consideration for Biesteks casework principles, individualisation, purposeful expression of feelings, controlled emotional involvement, acceptance, non-judgemental attitude, service user self-determination and confidentiality were the early foundations of principles that have paved the way for influencing present date values in social work (Banks 2006). The author drew on Biesteks casework principles but found that although Biestek theory focuses on concern of the welfare of the individual it fails to offer satisfactory accounts for relationships. The author has identified that there is a strain on positive relationships, and feels that this is an area that requires prompt development. Ethical responsibilities flow from all human relationships, from the personal and familial to the social and professional. Ethical decision making is a process (Webb 2003 pg 22).Holland (2009) acknowledges that a key element within ethic of justice is that of individual r ights and that this is a very important development for looked after children. The client has be informed and made aware of all aspects of the intervention process before any structured work can take place as the vast amount of therapeutic play therapy relies heavily on parent participation. This alone poses an ethical dilemma as the client is within a residential group setting and relationships between client /staff may be inconsistent.In conclusion to this assignment the author feels that it would benefit all parties if the play therapy was delayed until the new adoptive parents were approved. This would then enrich the relationships between client/ adoptive parents, furthermore they can afterwards build resilience in the new family unit, along with educating the new adoptive parents of the complex history and the future needs of the client. The long term value base and ethical benefits would outweigh any short term quick fix solution the new adoptive parents require the best too ls available to ensure that the new family unit works.ReferencesBanks, S. 3rd Ed, 2006. Ethics and Values in Social Work. Palgrave Macmillan Basingstoke.Butterworth, G., Harris, M. 1994. Principles of Developmental Psychology. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Ltd UK.Collingwood, P. 2005. Integrated Theory and Practice The Three Stage Theory Framework. The Journal of Practice Teaching in Health and Social Work, Volume 6, Number 1, 2005, pp. 6-23(18).Available on line Darwin, R, C. 1872. The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals http//darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F1142viewtype=textpageseq=1 Accessed October 2009.Available on line Dr. Thorley, G. 1998. Therapeutic Intervention for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder http//www.drgeoffthorley.com/ADHD%20article%201998.pdf Accessed October 2009.Gray, M. 2009. Moral Sources and Emergent Ethical Theories in Social Work. British Journal of Social Work, September 22, 2009.1-18.Holland, S. Looked After Children and the Ethic of Care. British Journal of Social Work. August 10 2009. 1-17.Houston, S. 2003. Establishing Virtue in Social Work A Response to McBeth and Webb. British Journal of Social Work (2003) 33, 819-824.Lovat, T., Gray, M. 2008. Towards a Proportionist Social Work Ethics A Habermasian Perspective. British Journal of Social Work (2008). 38, 1100-1114.Slee, T. P. 2002. 2nd Ed. Child, Adolescent, and Family Development. Cambridge University invite UK.Available on line The British Association of Play Therapists http//www.bapt.info/playtherapystandards.htm Accessed October 2009.Available on line When are Therapeutic Interventions Recommended? http//ezinearticles.com/?When-is-Therapeutic-Interventions-Recommended?id=1499263 Accessed October 2009.Webb, B, N. 2003. 2nd Ed. Social Work with Children. The Guilford Press New York.Appendix 1Accommodated under Sec 25 C(S)Act 95Marc was born in England. Marcs birth parents were substance users and had a chaotic lifestyle. He was unable to remain permanently in their care and as a result was fostered in a number of placements returning to the care of his parents for short periods and having sporadic seize with them. Marc blames himself for not being able to remain in their care.He was adopted by a twin in Scotland at the age of 5 years. The couple were not able to have their own children. The couple then went on to have a son of their own and since then he has been treated differently. on that point are no photos of Marc in the house, he does not have a bike (the brother does), he is the family scapegoat and blamed for problems in the parents relationship. Marc has since been diagnosed with ADHD and his viands restricted as a means of attempting to control this. There is some debate by health professionals as to whether the diagnosis is accurate, he is on low dose medication and there has been some reported improvement in his attention levels. Marc also has a developmental delay in self care i.e. knowing how to wash him self, toileting skills. Marc remained with his adoptive parents until last month when his parents asked for him to be removed due to their perception of his behaviour being unacceptable. Marc had stolen sweets. As a result of this Marc has been accommodated in residential home on a temporary basis until a long term family can be identified. Marc believes that stealing the sweets caused the breakdown in the relationship with his adoptive family consequently blaming himself.Recently a family has been identified and the residential unit is planning to undertake a therapeutic intervention in order to tack together Marc to have an understanding of his history and build his self esteem. The prospective adoptive family are in the process of being approved by the fostering and acceptance panel.

Defining Time :: Definition Essays

Defining Time When I think of cartridge clip, I am immediately drawn to the song Unchained Melody written by the Righteous Brothers. In this song there is one line that describes time almost perfectly, as I believe it to be. This verse states that time can do so much, however it is very broad but let me explain. The song was written about a love that was separated and to me moments were described prior to the disintegration and how time would be cherished if another chance was given. These moments can be either spent talking, holding each other, or just being approach one another. There are many things that are affected by time. Sleep for instance seems like wasted time, however it is very necessary to be productively effective while awake. Did you know that we spend one third of our lives sleeping. Of course many people vary based on their life way of life but their are many psychological factors to consider for each person. I do believe that time can be wasted in v irtually cases such as the old idea of cutting the lawn with scissors. This is not an ideal way of doing it, and common sense tells that a lawnmower would be a much rapid way of completing this task. This example simply depicts predicaments that people often run into. Sometimes we dont have a choice of how things are completed due to wish of knowledge or tools required for the task. Anyhow it would still be wasted time if there is a faster way of doing things. The old saying that, time is money is so relevant to this day and age. Why spend hours chopping down a tree and cutting the wood yourself, when you can purchase perfect size pieces at a local hardware store? Sure you would save money but the time spent could have been spent with your family, using a small portion of a paycheck instead. I have had moment where I have wasted time and understand that it is for personal satisfaction. An example of this is bake a cake. It is nice to say, hey, I made this from scratch how do you like it?, as opposed to I saved time and bought it at the bakery.

John Donnes A Valediction of my Name, In the Window Essay -- Valedict

John Donnes A Valediction of my Name, In the Window My name engraved herein/Doth contribute its firmness to this glass (1-2). It is a small but exquisitely considered act - a man carefully etches his name into a window, hoping to preserve his identity operator for future generations. Immediately, sensory details flow into my mind at the thought of such a momentous event. The precise scratch of the tool, the small flakes of glass that nick away, the beams of sunlight backlighting my own name in blinding pinpoints of sharp white light - all ignite a visceral feeling in the depths of my consciousness. By basing A Valediction of my Name, In the Window around the instinct for self-preservation, John Donne forces me to immediately sympathize with the struggle for remembrance. Just as my interpretation of the poem shifts outbound from a simple physical act to a battle for posterity that has consumed humanity through all generations, Donnes description of this single-man str uggle quickly moves from the physical to the metaphysical- he believes that he contributes his firmness (2) to the glass by scrawling his name, hopes that his lovers eye will see a glimmer from her beloveds name more impressive and stunning than the myriad reflections of cute stones, and suggests that in the carving you see me, and I am you (12). Now once again I must force myself to take a leap of doctrine off the precipice of poetical interpretation, by accepting that one can find deeper meaning in the carefully scratched letters of a name in a window. Or, is it the instinct for preservation that Donne holds to be a pool of deeper meaning? After two stanzas, the authors well-formed conceit has already wrestled my mind into conf... ... life in the process. In only 66 lines, Donne uses his masterful command of the English language to create a superb poetical representation of his personal beliefs about love. WORKS CITED Donne. Hertford College Alumni Association. 1 Jan. 1999. 9 Dec. 2001. http//www.hertford.ox.ac.uk/alumni/donne.htm Donne, John. A Valediction of my Name, In the Window. Poems of John Donne - Vol I. Ed. E.K. Chambers. London Lawrence & Bullen, 1896. 25-28. The Luminarium. 4 Dec. 2001. http//www.luminarium.org/sevenlit/donne/valname.htm John Donne - Biography and Works. The Literature Network. 1 Jan. 2000. 9 Dec. 2001. http//www.online-literature.com/donne/ The Life of John Donne (1572-1631). The Luminarium. 22 Oct. 2001. 9 Dec. 2001. http//www.luminarium.org/sevenlit/donne/donnebio.htm

My aim for this experiment is to find out how concentration affects the rate of reaction, when marble chips reacts with hydrochloric acid. :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

My aim for this experiment is to look out how concentration affects the rate of reaction, when marble chips reacts with hydrochloric red-hot.Mansoor Khan An probe to see how concentration affects the 1rate of reaction.IntroductionMy aim for this experiment is to find out how concentration affectsthe rate of reaction, when marble chips reacts with hydrochloric dosage.I am red ink to use calcium carbonate (marble chips) to react withhydrochloric acid that will produce carbon dioxide gas. The equationfor this reaction isWord equationCalcium Carbonate + Hydrochloric acid Calcium Chloride + CarbonDioxide + WaterSymbol equationCaCO 2HCl CaCl CO H OFor my experiment, I will be experimenting on different concentrationsof acid on marble chips. The other variables that I could have chosenfor this particular experiment beTemperature- I thought about choosing this variable but was put glum bythe difficulty of control the temperature.Surface argona- I have not choose this because I did no t like the factthat there were only trinity different sizes of marble chips, when Ineeded five results, and also it requires quite a long preliminaryexperiment to find the right concentration of acid. prophecyI predict that if a high concentration of acid is used, the reactionwill be faster and thus resulting in more carbon dioxide macrocosmproduced as gas. The weaker the concentration of acid, the slower thereaction and the less amount of carbon dioxide gas that will beproduced.The collision theory states that if particles in a stem haveenough energy to break free from their existing bonds to form newbonds they will, the amount of energy needed to form new bonds iscalled the activating energy. So if you increase the amount ofparticles in a effect they will be more collisions.The collision theory also says that if the particles ar constantlymoving and colliding with distributively other, when one particle collides withanother, energy is transferred between these particles an d so energyis constantly gained or lost. The number of collisions with enoughenergy greater or equal to the activation energy, determines the rateof reaction.I predict that the 2 molar of hydrochloric acid when reacting withmarble chips will produce the most carbon dioxide and in the leastamount of time, because they are more reactants in the solution andmore particles that will collide with the reacting particles. Alsobecause this is the most concentrated solution that I am experimentingon there are more reacting particles of colliding about in thesolution this means that the will be more collisions between thereacting particles which is likely to cause a reaction, these reactingMy aim for this experiment is to find out how concentration affects the rate of reaction, when marble chips reacts with hydrochloric acid. GCSE Chemistry Coursework InvestigationMy aim for this experiment is to find out how concentration affects the rate of reaction, when marble chips reacts with hydroch loric acid.Mansoor Khan An investigation to see how concentration affects the 1rate of reaction.IntroductionMy aim for this experiment is to find out how concentration affectsthe rate of reaction, when marble chips reacts with hydrochloric acid.I am button to use calcium carbonate (marble chips) to react withhydrochloric acid that will produce carbon dioxide gas. The equationfor this reaction isWord equationCalcium Carbonate + Hydrochloric acid Calcium Chloride + CarbonDioxide + WaterSymbol equationCaCO 2HCl CaCl CO H OFor my experiment, I will be experimenting on different concentrationsof acid on marble chips. The other variables that I could have chosenfor this particular experiment areTemperature- I thought about choosing this variable but was put withdraw bythe difficulty of control the temperature.Surface area- I have not choose this because I did not like the factthat there were only ternary different sizes of marble chips, when Ineeded five results, and also it requires q uite a long preliminaryexperiment to find the right concentration of acid. divinationI predict that if a high concentration of acid is used, the reactionwill be faster and thus resulting in more carbon dioxide beproduced as gas. The weaker the concentration of acid, the slower thereaction and the less amount of carbon dioxide gas that will beproduced.The collision theory states that if particles in a solution haveenough energy to break free from their existing bonds to form newbonds they will, the amount of energy needed to form new bonds iscalled the activation energy. So if you increase the amount ofparticles in a solution they will be more collisions.The collision theory also says that if the particles are constantlymoving and colliding with all(prenominal) other, when one particle collides withanother, energy is transferred between these particles and so energyis constantly gained or lost. The number of collisions with enoughenergy greater or equal to the activation energy, de termines the rateof reaction.I predict that the 2 molar of hydrochloric acid when reacting withmarble chips will produce the most carbon dioxide and in the leastamount of time, because they are more reactants in the solution andmore particles that will collide with the reacting particles. Alsobecause this is the most concentrated solution that I am experimentingon there are more reacting particles of colliding about in thesolution this means that the will be more collisions between thereacting particles which is likely to cause a reaction, these reacting