Critically assess the view that multicultural policies promote social Essay - 1

Critically assess the view that multicultural policies promote social segregation - Essay Example The policy proposes that all the ethnic groups should be treated equally. No one group is taken to be superior to the other. The government does not force people to adhere to one universal religion or culture. Many people support multiculturalism. This is especially so in the academic circles and in the media (Malik, 2008:89). It receives a lot of support from those countries that are culturally diverse, with a lot of different cultural groups making up the society, as opposed to one cultural group. But this theory has its share of opponents. It is especially opposed by those people who adhere to a particular set of norms of one culture. In Europe and the United States of America, this phenomenon of multiculturalism can be traced back to the last years of the nineteenth century (Barry, 2001:56). It started as a form of philosophical, pragmatist ideology. Then, as the nineteenth century came to an end and the twentieth century began, it metamorphosised into something entirely new. It became part of the political and cultural pluralism in these countries (Barry, 2001:67). Around this time, the European and Western countries were colonising Africa and as such, had to recognise the cultural d iversity of these countries. There were a lot of migratory activities in to Europe and America which meant that these countries had a diverse society as far as cultural groups are concerned. The sociologists and historians of the time came up with a form of cultural pluralism that gave rise to multiculturalism (Harker, 2006:45). This paper will try to look at multiculturalism as far as social segregation is concerned. This is because multicultural policies have been accused of segregating the society into different and separate cultural groups and these acts as a hindrance to social cohesion. These policies might include the recognition of multiple citizenship. The administration might also promote media houses that operate in a minority

Law of International Trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Law of International Trade - Essay Example The background of the case is as follows: Ythan limited or 'Ythan' as called here are ship owners who claimed damages through this case against bills of holder Primetrade after the ship/vessel was lost. The loss of the vessel has been allegedly due to shipping of dangerous cargo that is a breach or violation of contract signed by the lading holders Primetrade against a dangerous cargo warranty. The vessel was chartered under contract of affreightment by Primetrade to charterers Phoenix Bulk Carriers Ltd referred as Phoenix and thus two sets of bills were issued via contractual incorporation. The cargo was shipped by Orinoco Iron CA also known as Orinoco and they agreed to sell the cargo to Primetrade. Primetrade sold the cargo to Orient Prosperity or Orient in Jingtang China. The cargo was insured through insurance brokers Marsh and McLennan group (Marsh) and was financed through bankers UBS with a credit agreement governed by Swiss law. Orinoco then presented shipping documents to bank for payment and the bank forwarded the documents to UBS. The vessel however was lost at this point and Primetrade and Orient agreed to cancel the on-sale contract and letters of credit and Primetrade sought to make a claim on insurance policy for loss of cargo. The loss of vessel occurred as on February 28, 2004 a disastrous explosion occurred on board the bulk carrier or vessel the Ythan which resulted in death of crew and the cargo of 33, 760 MT was also completely lost. It was shipped from Venezuela for discharge at Jingtang Port, China. The shippers were Orinoco and they were to sell to Primetrade, a Swiss company and they wanted to sell the same quantity of the commodity to Orient Prosperity to China, so the contract showed end user in China. There was a settlement that Primetrade would be paid with release of the bills despite discrepancies in the documents. Primetrade complied with duty of contracts, and secured rights against time limitations and placed shipowners on notice for losses and consequences of casualty. The dispute on payment of bills and claim for losses were referred before arbitrators in London judiciary. The arbitration held that Primetrade were holders of the bills for a short time until the insurance claim was paid . Primetrade made a claim due to threat of arrest and also appealed to the decision of arbitrators bringing forth new evidence and objections for appeals. The new objection and evidence as also the question whether Primetrade was the holder of bills were as important as Primetrade's claim under contract of carriage against carrier. The explosion and loss of cargo on board made it possible for the owners to appeal under section 67 of

ECMT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

ECMT - Assignment Example From table 1 we find that the computed t-statistic is 0.275, and the p-value is 0.78. Recall that the critical t-value at the 5% level is 1.96. Therefore, we fail to reject the null hypothesis. Thus, we fail to reject that the coefficient of D2 is statistically significantly not different from zero. Yes, there is evidence to support that inclusion of central air conditioning leads to higher prices. This is evident from the fact that the estimated coefficient on the variable â€Å"central air† is positive and significant. The dummy variables for coastal proximity are D1 and D2. If the coefficients of these turn out to be significantly different from zero, we can conclude that coastal proximity does indeed lead to differences in prices. We have already tested for significance of the coefficient on D2 in part (e). Using the same methodology of a t-test of = 0 against the alternative of 0, we find that the calculated t-value is 1.714 which is significant only at the 10% level but not at the 5% level (p-value = 0.09). Thus we conclude the coefficient is statistically insignificant as well at the 5% level. Thus, since neither coefficient turns out to be significant, we conclude that we do not have any evidence to suggest that proximity to coast makes any differences to the prices with 95% or higher

Politics of the knowledge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Politics of the knowledge - Essay Example Moreover, it crates diverse outlining mechanism of the societal, communicative coupled with chronological references. Constructivist makes this story to be radical, inventive and popular thus conforming to the modern approach of the societal science. Majority of the populace prefer truth-possessing evidence coupled with diverse comprehension. Traditions are methodological that share healthy skepticism of inductivism of knowledge and truth. Inductivism emphasizes on the significance of precise experimental element of the underlying story. Moreover, there is no substitute for an analyst’s knowledge with a data in historical learning of practical influence (Carr, 1987). Above argument is evident in the elaboration of the theory of the epistemic justification and understanding of The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks by Rebecca. All aspects of the chapter aid in understanding despite the existence of competing ideas. Constructivism aids in inserting studies into a bigger social scientific projects. Chapter 8 gives distinct description of the diverse methods , which readers can comprehend the patterns of the

Economic Impact of Online Identity Theft Assignment

Economic Impact of Online Identity Theft - Assignment Example Indeed, apprehension of cyber-identity criminals, and especially multi-national organized crime rings, poses a serious challenge to law enforcement specialists deployed to tackle transnational jurisdictional measures. Cyber-theft knows no boundaries, and the tendency for such crimes to be commissioned through a network of communications is extensive. With exception of high wealth transfer operations, and those transactions connected to official terrorist organizations, cooperation between governments is far beyond normal extradition order. As a result, facilitation of consumer protections is allocated primarily to watch groups and the efforts of independent counsel hired to address client complaints. At the Sixteenth Session of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (UNESC) Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice in 2007, the Results of the study on fraud and the criminal misuse and falsification of identity in a Report of the UN Secretary General toward 'international cooperation in the prevention, investigation, prosecution and punishment of fraud, the criminal misuse and falsification of identity and related crimes' set the international platform toward legislative policies pertaining to cyber identity theft, and the economic impact of transnational fraud. Responsive to the intensifying multi-jurisdictional complications of global cyber fraud and its attendant economic impacts in the realm of cyber-terrorism, the Commission outlined priority targets within international legislation intended to stem the rapid expansion of predatory privacy invasion and usurpation of finance through identity theft toward support of organized criminal activity. Amidst the proliferation of personal data collected by internet service providers and commercial and government businesses online, the quantification of fraud has become a massive undertaking. The recent disclosure of previously undetected, large-scale securities based Ponzi schemes, informs us that significant losses of wealth can be lost over long periods of time when they involve a large portfolio of parties subject to varied national rules on securities trading. Counting the cost of identity theft is, then, one of scale. As the UNSEC Report indicates, "mass-fraud schemes tend to produce large numbers of cases if occurrences are based on counting numbers of victims or complaints but lower rates if numbers of offenders fraud schemes or prosecutions are counted." Statistical accountability of identity theft related fraud by UN member states is spotty, with underreporting of the prevalence of the different methods of commissioning those crimes has shifted rapidly as technologies induce related regulatory restrictions that push criminal activity into a vague area whereby "fraud imitates legitimate commerce, making variations of commercial practice likely to produce parallel variations in fraud over time, between countries or regions, and with respect to specific areas of commerce." Mitigating factors such as privatization of previously State-owned operations in contexts where the system of justice is weak due to parallel post-conflict or reconstruction efforts, leaves infrastructural oversight open to fraud in general. The Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) was written into legislation in 1970 and has been amended almost

Issue Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Issue Report - Essay Example Are they really people that the ordinary Joes and Janes can look up to in terms of what is right and wrong? What to believe in and what not to believe in? Jost was accurate in reporting that celebrities have the kind of star power that can move mountains and gain international support for their causes which range from everything from animal rights to using the right kind of shower gel. As he amply put it: More than 2,800 celebrities now support slightly more than 1,800 causes. In a celebrity-obsessed society, entertainers and athletes can help focus public attention on global trouble spots, raise funds for disaster relief or increase public awareness of little-known diseases or medical conditions. (Jost, â€Å"Celebrity Advocacy: Do Stars Influence Issue, Politics?†) Needless to say, these celebrities now have to be more than just pretty faces on camera that can repeat the words written by other people for them like the parrots they were once viewed to be. These days, they have to work hard to be taken seriously in their business and an in-depth knowledge of their advocacy usually strikes that cord. People like George Clooney and Bono have worked very hard in order to prove that they are more than just pretty faces and are capable of influencing world leaders into at least listening to the plight of those whose lives these celebrities feel so concerned about. They have become masters at this new game of publicity for advocacy (Dieter & Kumar, â€Å"The Downside of Celebrity Diplomacy: The Neglected Complexity of Development†). Theirs are now one of the the most important voices when politics and issues are discussed on a national and international level. Celebrities are more than just actors on screen now. They are the people who encourage others to learn more about issues that directly affect them at the moment, or could have a tremendous impact on them in the future (Casey,

The Effects of Cyberschools on Public Education Essay

The Effects of Cyberschools on Public Education - Essay Example When the Western Pennsylvania cyberschool opened in the 2000-01 school year, 525 grade 12 students were enrolled in it. In the 2001-2002 school year, 996 students were enrolled (KPMG Consulting, 2001). Indeed, demographic figures are a testament to the success of the Western Pennsylvania cyberschool for, not only are enrolment figures steadily n the increase but, an increasing number of students and parents are opting for cyberschool as a preferred alternative to public schooling, with the result being that that while 48% of the enrolled students are former home schoolers, 52% are former public school students from twelve south west region counties. Added to that, 27 of the enrolled students are classified as gifted' and 117 are special education needs students (KPMG Consulting, 2001). The implication here is that, within Western Pennsylvania at least, cyberschooling is emerging as a viable, valid and vital alternative to public schooling. Within the parameters of the outlined problem, the research shall attempt the determination of the impact of cyberschools on public education, with the focus being on Western Pennsylvania. 3 Definition of Key Terms The focus of this action research is well-defined and limited to the relationship between public schooling and cyberschooling, on the one hand, and the emergence of cyberschools as an alternative to both home and public schooling. The focus, as stated, allows for the identification of three key terms, those being cyberschools, public education and home schooling. Each of these terms shall now be defined in order to contextualize their usage in the... The focus of this action research is well-defined and limited to the relationship between public schooling and cyberschooling, on the one hand, and the emergence of cyberschools as an alternative to both home and public schooling. The research and data analysis carried out allows for the statement of a set of conclusions. The first of these is that the public school system is under tremendous strain, both because of increasing student populations and decreasing qualified teacher populations. The consequence of the aforementioned is the decreasing capacity for effective education and an ever dwindling ability to ensure the safety and security of students on school grounds and property. The stated has led many parents to turn to Homeschooling and, eventually, to cyberschools. As pertains to cyberschools, the research data allows for the conclusion that it is an effective, viable, vital and feasible alternative to both public education and Homeschooling. This paper makes a conclusion that given that no data was found on the actual effect that cyberschools have had on the public school system, it is difficult to present definitive conclusions regarding this relationship. Nevertheless, one may assume that cyberschools will be integrated into the public school system in due course, thereby relieving state and federal governments of a substantial percentage of the cost involved in the maintenance and running of public schools and allowing access to education for those who, for a variety of reasons, had no previous access. In other words, cyberschools will not function as a threat to public schools but as a support system.